Operation Stabilise
Timor Crisis

The role of the International Force in East Timor, or INTERFET, is to support the multinational peacekeeping effort that restored order in East Timor following an independence referendum. US troops did not have a combat role, but provided transportation, logistics, command and control, communications, intelligence, and sustainment support for the peacekeeping operation. The US force, comprised of Marines, airmen, sailors and soldiers, provided logistical support -- transporting troops, and providing communications and intelligence. Hundreds of American troops were involved in this UN peacekeeping operation in East Timor that helped restore order.

After days of increasing pressure by the international community, Indonesian President B.J. Habibie announced on Sunday 11 September 1999 that Indonesia would accept peacekeepers in East Timor. Indonesia's willingness to accept a UN-backed international peacekeeping force has brought calls for a swift deployment to the violence torn province.

Australia, with its advanced military, led the mission. Australia and New Zealand initially said they expected a total of eight-thousand troops would be deployed in East Timor. The main objectives were to protect the UN mission there, protect refugees, and to safeguard humanitarian aid. The majority of the force are from the Association of Southeast Asian Nation member countries. Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand have all have pledged support. Japan, whose constitution limits the role of its military overseas, has said it will consider sending humanitarian and financial aid.

Indonesian parliamentary leaders said they understood the President's reasons for accepting UN peacekeepers in East Timor. But the leader of the Indonesian parliamentary commission said that Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, and the United States did not deserve to be involved in a peacekeeping mission.

The crisis in East Timor caused a ripple effect on US Navy forces. The National Command Authority and the Pacific Commander decided that the United States would support the Australian-led peace keeping operation in East Timor by providing heavy lift helicopters. Because of East Timor infrastructure difficulties and force protection considerations, it was decided that sea-based helicopters provided the most appropriate and timely response. The only ship that could meet the required time line was the USS BELLEAU WOOD, whose homeport is Sasebo, Japan. Because of a previous emergent deployment and a large percentage of time already out of homeport, BELLEAU WOOD could not stay on station in the Timor Sea for the period of time desired by the U.S. commander. Therefore, it was decided to have USS PELELIU sail early from the Arabian Gulf and relieve BELLEAU WOOD. This resulted in no ARG/MEU(SOC) presence in the Central Command area of responsibility, resulting in increased risk to CENTCOM objectives and the loss of training and engagement that PELELIU would have provided the Central Command Commander. Until a recent decision was made to use civilian contract helicopters to sustain the heavy lift requirement, USS ESSEX was preparing to deploy on two-week notice from San Diego. Had the Navy been required to deploy ESSEX, this would have violated some of the Navy's quality of life PERSTEMPO rules, but it was the only other solution that met the heavy lift requirement to support forces deployed to the area. Additionally, East Timor required the unplanned deployment of the Kitty Hawk battle group and the Belleau Wood ARG. Although the Navy met the requirements dictated by the East Timor crisis, this increased presence near Indonesia necessarily caused a reduction in Naval presence in both Southwest Asia and near Korea.